India is home to more than 121 languages and 270 mother tongues. Hindi and English are the official languages of the Union, while the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution lists 22 Scheduled Languages to promote administrative and cultural inclusion.
The government also gives "Classical Status" to languages with ancient roots. In 2024, there were 11 such languages, with Marathi, Bengali, and Assamese among the latest additions.
Article 345 allows states and Union Territories to choose their own official and second official languages. For example, in 2025, Ladakh made Hindi, Bhoti, Urdu, Purgi, and English its official languages.
Check the complete list of Official Languages of Indian States and Union Territories, along with the Second Official Language(s) below.
ALSO READ: What is a Classical Language? Check List of All Languages
List of Official Languages by States (Updated 2026)
Here’s the complete list of the official languages of each state.
| S.No. | State | Official Language(s) | Second Official Language(s) |
| 1. | Andhra Pradesh | Telugu | Urdu |
| 2. | Arunachal Pradesh | English | - |
| 3. | Assam | Assamese | Bengali (in Barak Valley), Bodo |
| 4. | Bihar | Hindi | Urdu |
| 5. | Chhattisgarh | Hindi | Chhattisgarhi |
| 6. | Goa | Konkani | Marathi |
| 7. | Gujarat | Gujarati | Hindi |
| 8. | Haryana | Hindi | Punjabi |
| 9. | Himachal Pradesh | Hindi | Sanskrit |
| 10. | Jharkhand | Hindi | Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu |
| 11. | Karnataka | Kannada | - |
| 12. | Kerala | Malayalam | - |
| 13. | Madhya Pradesh | Hindi | - |
| 14. | Maharashtra | Marathi | - |
| 15. | Manipur | Meitei (Manipuri) | English |
| 16. | Meghalaya | English | Khasi, Garo |
| 17. | Mizoram | Mizo, English | Hindi |
| 18. | Nagaland | English | - |
| 19. | Odisha | Odia | - |
| 20. | Punjab | Punjabi | - |
| 21. | Rajasthan | Hindi | - |
| 22. | Sikkim | English, Nepali, Sikkimese, Lepcha | Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang |
| 23. | Tamil Nadu | Tamil | English |
| 24. | Telangana | Telugu | Urdu |
| 25. | Tripura | Bengali, English, Kokborok | - |
| 26. | Uttar Pradesh | Hindi | Urdu |
| 27. | Uttarakhand | Hindi | Sanskrit |
| 28. | West Bengal | Bengali, English | Nepali, Urdu, Hindi, Odia, Santali, Punjabi, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh, Telugu |
List of Official Languages by Union Territories (Updated 2026)
Here’s the list of the official languages of each Union Territory:
| S.No. | Union Territory | Official Language(s) | Second Official Language(s) |
| 1. | A & N Islands | Hindi, English | - |
| 2. | Chandigarh | English | - |
| 3. | Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | Gujarati, Konkani, Marathi, Hindi | - |
| 4. | Delhi | Hindi, English | Urdu, Punjabi |
| 5. | Jammu & Kashmir | Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi, Urdu, English | - |
| 6. | Ladakh | Hindi, English, Urdu, Bhoti, Purgi | - |
| 7. | Lakshadweep | Malayalam | English |
| 8. | Puducherry | Tamil, French, English | Telugu, Malayalam |
Note: India has no National Language.
Conclusion
India's languages truly reflect its motto of "Unity in Diversity". The country recognises 22 Scheduled Languages in the Eighth Schedule and now has 11 Classical Languages.
India tries to balance running the country with protecting its many regional cultures. States and Union Territories can pick their own official languages, as shown by recent changes in Ladakh and Andhra Pradesh. This makes government easier for everyone to access.
This system supports public administration and also protects the heritage of India’s 270 mother tongues for the future.
At last, these were the Official Languages of Indian States and Union Territories. Students appearing for various competitive examinations are advised to thoroughly review the above-mentioned list.
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