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The Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) has released the updated PSEB Class 12 biology Syllabus for the 2025-2026 academic year on its official website. Students commencing Class 12 are advised to consult the syllabus for their respective subjects to adequately prepare for the forthcoming PSEB Class 12 Board Examination 2026. To facilitate access to credible resources, the Punjab Board Class 12th Accountancy Syllabus 2026 is provided herein, complete with a direct PDF download link.
This comprehensive outline help the students in formulating a strategic study plan, enabling them to allocate time and effort commensurate with the significance of each section. Check the table below for more details related to the subject.
PSEB Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025-26
The table shows the Class 12 Biology syllabus for the academic year 2025-26. Students can check the complete syllabus details in the table given below.
| Unit-I Reproduction |
| Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation |
| Chapter 2: Human Reproduction Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea). |
| Chapter 3: Reproductive Health Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness) |
| Unit-II: Genetics and Evolution |
| Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders i |
| Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting |
| Chapter 6: Evolution Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution |
| Unit-III: Biology and Human Welfare |
| Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse |
| Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use |
| Unit IV: Biotechnology and its Applications |
| Chapter 9: Biotechnology Principles and Processes of Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology) |
| Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents |
| Unit V: Ecology and Environment |
| Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations) |
| Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystems: Patterns, components, productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles) |
| Chapter 13: Biodiversity and its Conservation Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites |
PSEB Class 12th Biology Syllabus Download
PSEB Class 12th Biology Syllabus PDF - Download here
PSEB Class 12th Biology Course Structure
Discover the comprehensive PSEB Class 12th Biology course structure for 2025, detailing mark weightage, required periods for syllabus completion, and additional relevant information.
| Unit | Name | No of Periods | Marks |
| I | Reproduction | 30 | 16 |
| II | Genetics and Evolution | 40 | 18 |
| III | Biology and Human Welfare | 30 | 12 |
| IV | Biotechnology and its Applications | 30 | 10 |
| V | Ecology and Environment | 30 | 14 |
| Total | 160 | 70 | |
