CBSE Syllabus 2025 Geography for Class 12: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has recently made available the revised Class 12 syllabus for the 2025-26 academic year. This important resource, which can be downloaded for free in PDF format from the official CBSE Academic website (cbseacademic.nic.in), outlines the course structure, content, and marks allocated to each chapter for the 2026 board exams.
Having access to this updated syllabus early in the academic year is crucial for both students and teachers to prepare effectively for the board exams. The CBSE Class 12 Geography syllabus for 2025-26 is also among the subjects available for download, allowing students to begin their studies with a clear understanding of what is expected.
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26
Check out the below tabulated information for the syllabus breakdown of Geography Syllabus for Class 12 along with Weightage Distribution:
Book | Unit | Chapter No. | Chapter Name | Weightage |
| Fundamental of Human Geography | I | 1 | Human Geography | 3 |
| II | 2 | The World Population Density Distribution and Growth | 8 | |
| 3 | Human Development | |||
| III | 4 | Primary Activities | 19 | |
| 5 | Secondary Activities | |||
| 6 | Tertiary and Quaternary Activities | |||
| 7 | Transport, Communication and Trade | |||
| 8 | International Trade | |||
| Map Work | - | (Based on identification of features on World Political Map) | 5 | |
| Total | 35 | |||
| India People and Economy | I | 1 | Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition | 5 |
| II | 2 | Human Settlements | 3 | |
| III | 3 | Land Resources and Agriculture | 10 | |
| 4 | Water Resources | |||
| 5 | Mineral And Energy Resources | |||
| 6 | Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context | |||
| IV | 7 | Transport and Communication | 7 | |
| 8 | International Trade | |||
| V | 9 | Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems | 5 | |
| Map Work | - | (Based on locating and labelling on a political map of India) | 5 | |
| Total | 35 | |||
| Geography Practical II | 1 | Data-its source and Compilation | 18 | |
| 2 | Data Processing | |||
| 3 | Graphical representation of Data | |||
| 4 | Spatial Information Technology | 7 | ||
| Practical Record Book and Viva Voce | - | 5 | ||
| Total | 30 | |||
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26: Course Structure
Check out the below tabulated information for the syllabus breakdown of Geography Syllabus for Class 12 along with Unit Details
Book: Fundamentals of Human Geography | |
| Unit 1: | Chapter-1 Human Geography: Nature and Scope ● Introduction to Human Geography ● Approaches to study Human Geography Regional and Systematic Geography, Dualism ● Nature of Human Geography ● Naturalisation of Humans and Humanisation of Nature ● Schools of thought in Human Geography ● Fields and subfields of Human Geography |
| Unit 2: | Chapter- 2 The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth Population-distribution and density Factors influencing the distribution of population Population Growth Components of Population change Demographic Transition Population Control Measures Chapter- 3 Human Development Human development - concept; selected indicators Growth and Development The four pillars of Human Development Approaches to Human Development Measuring Human Development- HDI, HPI and GNH International comparisons |
| Unit 3: | Chapter- 4 Primary Activities Concept and types: ● Hunting and Gathering, Pastoralism; Nomadic Herding, Commercial Livestock Rearing ● Types of agriculture: - Primitive Subsistence - Intensive Subsistence ● Commercial Agriculture - Plantation Agriculture - Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation - Mixed Farming - Dairy farming - Mediterranean Agriculture - Market Gardening and Horticulture - Cooperative Farming - Collective Farming ● Mining, factors affecting mining ● Methods of Mining Chapter- 5 Secondary Activities ● Manufacturing: Characteristics of Modern large-Scale Manufacturing ● Factors influencing industrial Location ● Classification of manufacturing Industries: On the basis of Size, Inputs /raw material, Output /Products and Ownership ● Concept of High tech Industry Chapter- 6 Tertiary Activities ● Tertiary activities-concept and types ● Trade and commerce: Retail and Wholesale trading Transport, Factors Affecting Transport; ● Communication ● Services ● People engaged in tertiary activities ● Tourism, Major tourist regions ● Tourist attractions - some examples from selected countries ● Medical Services for Overseas Patients in India ● Quaternary and Quinary activities-concept ● The Digital Divide Chapter- 7 Transport and Communication ● Transport ● Modes of Transportation: ● Land transport: Roadways, Highways, Road Density, Border Roads. ● Railways: Trans-continental Railways: Trans-Siberian, Trans Canadian, Australian Trans Continental, ● Water Transport: Important Sea Routes, Shipping Canals, Inland waterways ● Air transport: Inter-Continental air routes ● Pipelines ● Communications: Satellite Communications and Cyber Space- Internet Chapter- 8 International Trade ● History of International trade ● Why Does International Trade Exist? ● Basis of International Trade ● Balance of Trade ● Types of International Trade: Bilateral and Multi-lateral trade ● Case for Free Trade ● Concept of Dumping ● World Trade Organisation ● Regional Trade Blocs ● Concerns Related to International Trade ● Gateways of International trade: Ports ● Types of Port |
