CBSE Class 10 Science Sample Paper 2026 by Experts (New Pattern): Download PDF with Solutions

Section – A 

Marks

1. 

Identify the option that indicates the correct enzyme secreted by the Mouth  cavity (L), the Stomach (M) and the Pancreas (N) in the human alimentary  canal. 

L M N 

A. lipase Trypsin pepsin 

B. salivary amylase Pepsin trypsin 

C. tryspin amylase lipase 

D. lipase amylase Pepsin

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2. 

The image shows the process of vegetative propagation in a plant. 

The shoot of the parent plant is pushed below the soil that results in growth of a new plant.  What is the advantage of this process? 

A. This results in plants of different flowers.  

B. This helps grow plants without adding extra manure. 

C. This eliminates the need of producing plants using seeds. 

D. This allows growth of plants with new genetic composition.

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3. 

When a pure-tall pea plant is crossed with a pure-dwarf pea plant, the percentage of tall  pea plants in F1 and F2 generation pea plants will be respectively. 

A. 100%; 25% 

B. 100%; 50% 

C. 100%; 100% 

D. 100%; 75%

1

The given bar chart shows the concentration of oxygen in blood samples from four places  in the circulatory system of a human. Which sample was taken from the pulmonary artery? 

A. P 

B. Q 

C. R 

D. S

5.

In an ecosystem, the amount of energy of sunlight captured by green plants to convert it  into food energy is:  

A. 90%  

B. 99%  

C. 1%  

D. 10% 

6.

Select the option having correct matching of the organism given in Column I  with the mode of reproduction in Column II. 

A. a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii 

B. a-iii, b-iv, c-v, d-ii 

C. a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii 

D. a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

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A. The plant uses electrical signals to transfer information from the external  environment to its cells. 

B. The plant uses electrochemical signals to transfer information from one cell to  another. 

C. The plant uses electrochemical signals to transfer information from tissues to  specialized cells.

D. The plant uses electrical signals to transfer information from cells to specialized  tissues

The following two questions consist of two statements– Assertion (A) and Reason (R).  Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below: 

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 

B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A. 

C. A is true, but R is false.  

D. A is false, but R is true.

8. 

Assertion (A): Human cannot digest cellulose.  

Reason (R): Specific enzymes are needed for the digestion of cellulose which is not  present in human.

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9. 

Assertion (A): Offsprings produced by sexual reproduction show variation. Reason (R): Each offspring produced by sexual reproduction inherits all the genes from  each parent.

1

Draw a diagram showing spore formation in Rhizopus and label the

(a) reproductive and 

(b) non-reproductive parts. 

2

In the following figure showing a germinating gram seed, name the parts  labelled as A, B and C: 

Why is part ‘B’ considered to be important during germination?

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12. 

Attempt either option A or B.  

A. Write the name and function of parts (i) and (ii) in the diagram of a neuron given  below.  

OR 

B. 

i. Name the disorder which a person is likely to suffer from over-secretion of  growth hormone 

ii. How are the timing and the amount of release of insulin in the blood regulated?

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13. 

i. Why has the Government of India prohibited prenatal sex determination by  law? State its benefits in the long run.  

ii. Unsafe sexual acts can lead to various infections. Name two bacterial infections  caused due to unsafe sex.

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14. 

(i) Longer food chains are not energy efficient. Justify the statement. 

(ii) What is the difference between a zoo and national park. In terms of functional  ecosystem?

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Not all plants carry out photosynthesis by the same mechanism. In most plants,  photosynthesis depends directly on the gaseous carbon dioxide that diffuses into the leaf through the stomata. 

However, some plants - such as pineapple - has the ability to store carbon dioxide in the vacuoles of the leaf cells as part of a complex carbon compound. This complex compound is transported to the chloroplasts and releases carbon dioxide when required, for photosynthesis to occur. 

This special photosynthesis mechanism is believed to have evolved as an adaptation to conserve water for survival in dry conditions. 

A. Which process in the plants minimises, to help the plant survive in dry conditions?

B. When are such plants likely to take in carbon dioxide from the environment? 

Attempt either subpart C or D 

C. How is the ability to store carbon dioxide as a complex compound likely to help minimise the process referred to in (A)? 

OR 

D. How do the processes of photosynthesis and respiration help sustain life on Earth?

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16. 

Attempt either option A or B. 

A.

i. When Mendel crossed pea plants with pure tall and pure short characteristics to  produce F1 progeny, State observations made by him in F1 plants? 

ii. Write one difference between dominant and recessive trait. 

iii. In a cross with two pairs of contrasting characters 

RRYY × rryy 

(Round Yellow) (Wrinkled Green) 

Mendel observed 4 types of combinations in F2 generation. By which method did  he obtain F2 generation? Write the ratio of the parental combinations obtained and what  conclusions were drawn from this experiment. 

iv. Nivedita has dark brown eyes, like her mother. But she has the same shaped nose  as her father. Explain why Nivedita has features from both of her parents. 

OR 

B. Two human beings who can both roll their tongues produced 11 children. 3 of these  children could not roll their tongues and 8 children could roll their tongues. 

i. Which trait (rolling or not rolling) is controlled by the recessive allele? State all  possible genotypes of the F1 generation of the cross.  

ii. Show the inheritance of the tongue rolling in humans in the given example using a  suitable cross. What percentage of offspring will show the same genotype as the  parents? 

iii. If one of the parents could not roll their tongue, with the help of a cross, calculate  the ratio of tongue-rollers to non-tongue-rollers in the off springs.

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Section – B

17. 

sulphate  and ammonium chloride. Which of the following correctly represents the type  of the reaction involved: 

(i) Displacement reaction 

(ii) Precipitation reaction 

(iii) Combination reaction 

(iv) Double displacement reaction 

A. (i) only 

B. (ii) only 

C. (iv) only 

D. (ii) and (iv)

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18. 

A metal ribbon ‘X’ burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flame forming a white ash ‘Y’.  The correct description of X, Y and the type of reaction is:  

A. X = Ca; Y = CaO; Type of reaction = Decomposition  

B. X = Mg; Y = MgO; Type of reaction = Combination  

C. X = Al; Y = Al2O3; Type of reaction = Thermal decomposition  

D. X = Zn; Y = ZnO; Type of reaction = Endothermic

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The correct representation of covalent bonding in an oxygen molecule is A. B.

C. D.

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The following question consists of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).  Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below: 

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.  

B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A. 

C. A is true, but R is false.  

D. A is false, but R is true.

20. 

Assertion (A): Following are the structural isomers of butane. 

Reason (R): Structural isomers have the same molecular formula, but they differ in their  structures.

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Trupti has given the following reasons for Gold being the most abundantly used metal for  jewellery:  

(i) It has high ductility.  

(ii) It has high malleability.  

(iii) It shines more than other metals.  

(iv) It reacts quickly with oxygen to form a protective layer of oxide.  

(v) It does not react with water & oxygen even at high temperatures. 

Which of the reasons given is/are INCORRECT? 

A. only (iii) 

B. only (iv)  

C. only (v)  

D. only (i), (ii) & (iii)

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During electrolysis of water, if the volumes(V) of oxygen and hydrogen evolved at the  electrodes are V_O and V_H respectively, then V_O/V_H is 

A. 4

B. 2 

C.1/2

D.1/4

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23. 

Which of the following statements is correct about an aqueous solution of an acid and of a  base? 

i. Higher the pH, stronger the acid 

ii. Higher the pH, weaker the acid 

iii. Lower the pH, stronger the base 

iv. Lower the pH, weaker the base 

A. (i) and (iii)

B. (ii) and (iii) 

C. (i) and (iv) 

D. (ii) and (iv)

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24. 

A metal X is used in the thermit process. When X is burnt in air it gives an amphoteric  oxide Y. Identify X and Y Respectively. 

A. Fe and Fe₂O₃

B. Al and Al₂O₃  

C. Fe and Fe₂O₃

D. Al and Al₂O₄

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25. 

The given reaction shows one of the processes to extract the metals like Iron and  Manganese.  

MnO₂ (s) + Al(s) → Mn(l) + Al₂O₃(s) + Heat  

i. Give reason why the above reaction is known as a thermite reaction. 

ii. Give a reason why Aluminium is preferably used in thermite reactions.

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26. 

Attempt either option A or B.  

A. A reddish-brown metal ‘X’, when heated in air, gives a black compound ‘Y’, which  when heated in presence of H₂ gas gives ‘X’ back. ‘X’ is refined by the process of  electrolysis. This refined form of ‘X’ is used in electrical wiring. Identify ‘X’ and  ‘Y’. Draw a well-labelled diagram to represent the process of refining ‘X’. 

OR 

B. Metal X is found in nature as its sulphide XS. It is used in the galvanisation of iron  articles. Identify the metal X. How will you convert this sulphide ore into the  metal? 

3

The formulae of four organic compounds are given below: 

(i) Which one of these compounds A, B, C or D is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? 

(ii) Identify the organic acid  

(iii) Which of the above compounds when heated at 443K in the presence of  concentrated H₂SO₄ forms ethene as the major product? What is the role played by  concentrated H₂SO₄ in this reaction? Also write the chemical equation involved.

3

While helping at home, Rauf observes that his mother uses baking soda instead of baking  powder while making a cake. 

A. How will this substitution affect the taste of the cake, and why? 

B. What additional ingredient is needed to convert baking soda into baking powder? What is the role of this ingredient in ensuring the cake turns out soft and tasty?

Attempt either subpart C or D 

C. Rauf observes that the doctor uses a white powder mixed with water to plaster his  fractured hand. After a short time, the mixture hardens and forms a solid cast.  Identify the compound and write the chemical reaction involved. 

OR

D. During electrolysis of brine, a gas G is liberated at anode. When this gas is passed  through slaked lime, a compound C is formed which is used for disinfecting  drinking water. Write formulas of ‘G and C’. State the chemical equation involved

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29. 

Attempt either option A or B. 

A. i. Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

ii. Write down the balanced chemical equations for the following reaction and identify  the type of reaction. Lead nitrate is heated strongly to form lead monoxide, nitrogen   dioxide and oxygen. 

iii. Write the chemical equation when aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and lead  nitrate are mixed together? Name the type of reaction. 

OR 

B. 

i. "Dil. HCl is added to Zn granules.” How will you prove that chemical change has  taken place here? State two points to justify your answer. 

ii. List any two observations when 2 g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry  boiling tube.  

iii. Why do we store silver chloride in dark coloured bottles? 

iv. Why do chips manufacture flush bags of chips with Nitrogen gas?

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Section – C

30. 

An ant was in front of a convex lens as shown below. 

Which of the following shows the image of the ant observed through the convex lens?

1

A uniform magnetic field exists in the plane of paper pointing from left to right as shown  in Figure. In the field an electron and a proton move as shown. The electron and the proton experience

A. forces both pointing into the plane of paper 

B. forces both pointing out of the plane of paper 

C. forces pointing into the plane of paper and out of the plane of paper, respectively

D. force pointing opposite and along the direction of the uniform magnetic field  respectively

1

The following question consists of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).  Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below: 

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.  

B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A. 

C. A is true, but R is false.  

D. A is false, but R is true.

32. 

Assertion (A): The pattern of the magnetic field of a solenoid carrying a current is similar  to that of a bar magnet. 

Reason (R): The pattern of the magnetic field around a current carrying conductor is  independent of the shape of the conductor.

1

An object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length  10 cm. The distance of the object from the pole of the mirror is 10 cm. Find the position of  the image formed.

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34. 

Attempt either A or B.  

A. Name the principle on which an electric fuse works. Explain how a fuse wire is  capable of saving electrical appliances from getting damaged due to accidentally  produced high currents. 

OR 

B. State the law that relates current through a conductor and the potential difference  between its ends. Represent the law mathematically.

2

Rishi went to a palmist to show his palm. The palmist used a special lens for this purpose. i. State the nature of the lens and reason for its use. 

ii. If the focal length of this lens is 10 cm and the lens is held at a distance of 5 cm  from the palm, use lens formula to find the position and size of the image.

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36. 

i. How is the type of current used in household supply different from the current  given by a battery of dry cells? 

ii. Why is the earth wire considered important in an electric circuit?

iii. How is a uniform magnetic field in a given region represented? Draw a diagram in  support of your answer.

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37. 

A child, while playing with his father's spectacles, made the paper burn by focusing the  sun’s rays on it. 

i. What defect of vision his father is suffering from?  

ii. State the part of the eye responsible for this condition. 

iii. State the role of the corrective lens in this case. 

iv. Draw the figure of its correction.

3

A person allowed a narrow beam of white light from the sun to enter a dark room through  a small aperture and placed a glass prism in its path in such a manner that the beam falls on  the face AB of the prism as shown in the figure. 

A screen S is placed on the other side of the prism, facing AC. On turning the prism  slowly, a beautiful band of colours is obtained on the screen. It is the spectrum of sunlight. 

A. Name the phenomenon due to which a prism splits the incident white light into a band  of colours.  

B. State the reason of getting a band of seven colours in the above case. 

Attempt either subpart C or D. 

C. Explain with the help of a labelled ray diagram, an experimental arrangement to show  the recombination of the spectrum of white light.  

OR 

D. Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of a rainbow

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39. 

Attempt either option A or B. 

A. In the given circuit, A, B, C and D are four lamps connected with a battery of 60V.

Analyse the circuit to answer the following questions.  

(i) What kind of combination are the lamps arranged in (series or parallel)? 

(ii) Explain with reference to your above answer, what are the advantages (any two) of  this combination of lamps?  

(iii) Explain with proper calculations which of the above lamps glows the brightest? 

(iv) Find out the total resistance of the circuit.

OR 

B. The circuit in below Figure has resistors in series and parallel.  

(i) State two factors that affect the resistance of a resistor.  

(ii) X and Y are meters. identify X and Y and the electrical property that each meter  measures.  

(iii) Calculate the equivalent resistance in the circuit  

(iv) Using your answer to (iii), calculate the current in the circuit. State the unit

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