ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26: FREE PDF Download

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26: The Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations has released the revised syllabus for ISC board class 12th Physics for the academic session 2025-26. Students can check this article and download the syllabus PDF here.

Jun 26, 2025, 12:31 IST

ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26: As the new academic session is ongoing, many boards have released their revised syllabus for 2025-26. The ISC board is also one of them. It has made the syllabus available for classes 9th to 12th. If the students want to check the Class 12th Physics syllabus, they can refer to this article. With the help of the syllabus, students can know about the assessment types, evaluation scheme, topics and chapters to be covered, chapter-wise marks distribution, and more. Not only this, the curriculum is prepared to ensure the development of effective communication skills, provides students with vast practical experiences, thus promoting practical learning at the school level, and provides holistic education to students. Check the full syllabus here.

ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26: Aims Of The Syllabus

1. To enable candidates to acquire knowledge and to develop an understanding of the terms, facts, concepts, definitions, and fundamental laws, principles and processes in the field of physics.

2. To develop the ability to apply the knowledge and understanding of physics to unfamiliar situations.

3. To develop a scientific attitude through the study of physical sciences.

4. To develop skills in - (a) the practical aspects of handling apparatus, recording observations and (b) Drawing diagrams, graphs, etc.

5. To develop an appreciation of the contribution of physics towards scientific and technological developments and human happiness.

6. To develop an interest in the world of physical sciences.

ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26: Detailed Course Structure

Students can check the ISC Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 below:

Electrostatics

(i) Electric Charges and Fields- Electric charges; conservation and quantisation of charge, Coulomb's law; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field, Electric flux, Gauss’s theorem in Electrostatics and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell.

(ii) Electrostatic Potential, Potential Energy and Capacitance- Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and a system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of an electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor, Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor, energy stored in a capacitor (No derivation, formulae only).

Current Electricity

Mechanism of flow of current in conductors. Mobility, drift velocity and its relation with electric current; Ohm's law and its proof, resistance and resistivity and their relation to drift velocity of electrons; V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance and resistivity. Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge. Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure potential difference, to compare the emf of two cells, to measure the internal resistance of a cell

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

(i) Moving charges and magnetism- Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment, Biot - Savart law and its application, Ampere's Circuital law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight solenoids (only qualitative treatment), Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors- definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer -its sensitivity, Conversion of galvanometer into an ammeter and a voltmeter

(ii) Magnetism and Matter- A current loop as a magnetic dipole, its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) on the axial line and equatorial line, torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths, permanent magnets.

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

(i) Electromagnetic Induction- Faraday's laws, induced emf and current, Lenz's Law, eddy currents, Self-induction and mutual induction, Transformer

(ii) Alternating Current- Peak value, mean value and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; their relation in sinusoidal case; reactance and impedance, LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current, AC generator

Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative ideas only), Complete electromagnetic spectrum starting from radio waves to gamma rays: elementary facts of electromagnetic waves and their uses

Optics

(i) Ray Optics and Optical Instrument- Ray Optics: Reflection of light by spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light at plane surfaces, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker's formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of a lens and a mirror, refraction and dispersion of light through a prism, Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers

(ii) Wave Optics- Wave front and Huygen's principle, Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle, Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width(β), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Wave particle duality; photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation- particle nature of light. Matter waves - wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation; conclusion from the Davisson-Germer experiment

Atoms and Nuclei

(i) Atoms- Alpha-particles scattering experiment; Rutherford's atomic model; Bohr’s atomic model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.

(ii) Nuclei- Composition and size of nucleus, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; Nuclear reactions, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

Electronic Devices

Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits, Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only). Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, P and n-type, p-n junction, Semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; Special types of junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode and its characteristics, Zener diode as a voltage regulator.

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