What is the U.S. Census Bureau?

The U.S. Census Bureau is a federal agency under the Department of Commerce that collects data on America's people, housing, and economy through censuses and surveys. Headquartered in Suitland, Maryland, it provides the official numbers governments and businesses rely on.

This matters today as 2025 data influences $675 billion in annual federal funding for schools, roads, and healthcare, per Census Bureau reports—affecting every community directly. Accurate counts ensure fair representation in Congress and resource allocation amid population shifts.

What is the U.S. Census Bureau?

The U.S. Census Bureau, established in 1902, is the government's main statistical agency conducting the decennial census every 10 years as required by the Constitution. It employs about 5,000 staff and runs ongoing surveys. It operates under Title 13, protecting respondent data confidentiality.

• The agency moved to the Department of Commerce in 1903 for better economic ties.

• George Cook serves as acting director as of late 2025.

• Headquarters in Suitland handles massive data processing.

What does the U.S. Census Bureau do?

The U.S. Census Bureau runs demographic surveys like the Decennial Census, American Community Survey (ACS), and Current Population Survey (CPS), plus economic ones on retail, exports, and manufacturing. These inform policy and business. Data drives decisions on infrastructure and services.

Key programs include:

• The Decennial Census counts every U.S. resident for House seats and Electoral College.

• ACS provides yearly updates on income, education, and housing.

• The Economic Census tracks business activity every five years.

Why is the U.S. Census Bureau important?

U.S. Census Bureau stats guide $675 billion in federal funds yearly, shape voting districts, and help businesses target markets—crucial for equity in growing diverse populations.

Participation is mandatory by law for accurate results. Vital roles include:

• States use data to build schools and hospitals in high-growth areas.

• Businesses analyze trends for hiring and expansion.

• Governments plan roads, police precincts, and disaster response.

Conclusion

The U.S. Census Bureau is America's official data collector, running censuses and surveys that count people and track the economy for fair resource distribution. Its work ensures representation and funding reach every corner. Check census.gov for your area's stats—your responses power better communities nationwide.