The bald eagle has been the national bird and symbol of the United States since 1782. Known for its majestic wingspan and fierce appearance, the bald eagle represents the spirit of America, i.e, freedom, strength, and resilience. But its journey to becoming a national symbol is filled with history, debate, and remarkable stories.
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When did it become the National Bird?
The bald eagle first took its official place as the national bird when it was adopted on the Great Seal of the United States in 1782. With its wings outspread, the eagle now appears on numerous government seals, official documents, military insignias, and even the president’s flag. You’ll also find it on billions of one-dollar bills, making it the most pictured bird in the country.
Initial Appearances On Coins
Even before its formal adoption, the bald eagle featured on a Massachusetts copper cent in 1776. Over the years, it appeared on various U.S. coins like the silver dollar, half-dollar, and quarter, as well as special gold coins named the eagle, half eagle, quarter eagle, and double eagle.
Choosing the National Bird Was Debatable
Choosing the bald eagle as a national emblem wasn’t easy. For six years, Congress debated what the symbol of the new nation should be. Finally, in 1789, the bald eagle was officially selected.
One of the most famous critics of this choice was Benjamin Franklin, who preferred the wild turkey. In a letter, he wrote that the bald eagle had “bad moral character,” comparing it to men who live by “sharping and robbing.” In contrast, he called the turkey a “more respectable bird” and a “true, original native of America.”
Why the Bald Eagle Won
Despite Franklin’s views, most of Congress viewed the bald eagle as a symbol of courage, strength, freedom, and immortality, values central to the American identity. More importantly, unlike other eagles, the bald eagle is native only to North America, making it uniquely American. But over time, its population declined due to hunting, habitat loss, and pesticide use. Recognizing the threat, the National Emblem Act of 1940 was passed to protect the species. Today, most bald eagles are found in northern North America and Florida breeding sanctuaries.
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Conclusion
The bald eagle is not just the national bird of the United States; it’s a living emblem of the nation's values. From its bold presence on government insignias to its historical and cultural significance, the bald eagle continues to soar high as a proud symbol of American freedom.
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